University of Khartoum

General Director: Mohammed Ahmed Osman

BSc, MSc, PhD, FSES
President, Sudan Engineering Society

Editorial Director: Bakri Mekki Hamad
BSc, MSc, PhD, FSES

Editorial Board:
Editor-in-chief: Mahmoud Hassan Onsa
BSc, MSc, PhD, FSES

Members: Hassan Mohi ElDin
BSc, MSc, PhD, FSES

Ali Abdelrahman Rabah
BSc, MSc, PhD, MSES

Tahani Abdalla Attia
BSc, MSc, PhD, MSES

Elwaleed Awad Khidir
BSc, MSc, PhD, MSES

Mohammed Ahmed Kabosh
BSc, PhD, DIC, MSES

Ahmed Kamal Mahgoub
BSc, GMSES

©Sudan Engineering Society, P.O. Box 759 Khartoum, Sudan. All rights reserved. Sudan Engineering Society Journal is published twice annually. The responsibility for the contents rests upon the author(s) and not upon the SES or its members.

Copyright and Reprint Permissions: Abstracting is permitted with credit to source. Instructors
are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use. For all other
copying, reprint, or republication permission write to the Sudan Engineering Society, P.O. Box
759 Khartoum Sudan.

Manuscript should be specially prepared for publication in the SES Journal, and submitted to editor, Dr. Mahmoud Hassan Onsa, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of
Engineering; University of Khartoum P.O. Box 321 Sudan.

Website: http://ses-sudan.org e-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it